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1.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 45(4): 171-178, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449726

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To describe a reference curve for cervical length (CL) in mid-trimester twin gestations using transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) and to investigate whether short CL increases spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in asymptomatic twin pregnancies. Methods This was a prospective cohort study performed at 17 outpatient antenatal facilities of Brazil with women at 18 0/7 to 22 6/7 weeks of gestation who participated in a randomized clinical trial screening phase (P5 trial) between July 2015 and March 2019. TVU was performed to provide CL measurement in all screened women. Almost all women with CL ≤ 30 mm received vaginal progesterone 200mg/day and they were also randomized to receive cervical pessary or not. We considered data from the CL distribution among asymptomatic twin pregnancies and analyzed CL and its association with PTB generating receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier curves. Results A total of 253 pregnant women with twins were included in the distribution curve. The mean CL was 33.7 mm and median was 35.5mm. The 10th percentile was 17.8mm. We identified a PTB rate of 73.9% (187/253) with 33.6% of sPTB < 37 (85/253) and 15% (38/253) of sPTB < 34 weeks. The best cutoff point to predict sPTB < 37 was 24.15 mm. However, the ROC curve showed a poor performance (0.64). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves identified that only CL values ≤ 20mm were associated to sPTB < 34 weeks. Conclusion A cutoff point of CL ≤ 20 mm can be interesting point to identify short cervix in Brazilian twin pregnancies. However, in Brazilian asymptomatic twin pregnancies, CL does not show a good performance to predict PTB.


Resumo Objetivo Descrever uma curva de referência da medida do colo uterino no Segundo trimestre de gestações gemelares através de ultrassonografia transvaginal (TVU) e investigar a correlação entre a medida do colo uterino (CL) e o parto prematuro espontâneo (sPTB) em pacientes assintomáticas. Métodos Foi realizado uma coorte prospectiva multicêntrica em 17 centros de referência do Brasil com mulheres com gestação gemelar entre 18 0/7 a 22 6/7 semanas de gestação que participaram da primeira fase de um ensaio clínico randomizado (P5 trial) entre Julho/2015 a Março/2019. TVU foi realizada para obter a medida do colo uterino em todas as mulheres. A maioria das mulheres com CL ≤30 mm receberam progesterona por via vaginal 200mg/dia e estas foram randomizadas para receber ou não um pessário cervical. Este estudo considerou dados da medida do colo uterino entre mulheres assintomáticas, desenvolvendo uma curva de referência para gestantes gemelares e sua capacidade de predição do parto prematuro através de curva ROC (receiver operating characteristics) e curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meyer. Resultados O total de 253 gestantes foram incluídos no estudo, A média do CL foi 33.7mm e a mediana 35.5mm. O Percentil 10 do CL foi 17.8mm. A taxa de parto prematuro foi de 73.9% (187/253) com 33.6% de sPTB < 37 (85/253) e 15% (38/253) de sPTB < 34 semanas. O melhor ponto de corte para predizer sPTB < 37 foi 24.15 mm, entretanto a curva ROC demonstrou baixa performance (0.64). A curva de Kaplan-Meier para sPTB identificou que apenas CL ≤ 20 mm estavam associados a sPTB < 34 semanas. Conclusão Colo uterino ≤20 mm pode ser um interessante ponto de corte para identificar colo curto entre gestações gemelares assintomáticas brasileiras. Entretanto, a medida do colo uterino não apresentou boa performance para predizer parto prematuro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Pregnancy, Twin , Obstetric Labor, Premature
2.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 86(3): 274-281, jun. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388661

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar el índice de consistencia cervical con la longitud cervical en la predicción de parto pretérmino inminente en pacientes sintomáticas. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo realizado en mujeres con embarazos únicos entre 24 y 35 semanas, con diagnóstico clínico de amenaza de parto pretérmino, que asistieron al Hospital Central Dr. Urquinaona en Maracaibo, Venezuela. Al momento del diagnóstico, las pacientes fueron evaluadas con ecografía transvaginal para establecer los valores del índice de consistencia cervical y la longitud cervical. La resultante principal fue parto inminente (en los 7 días siguientes a la evaluación). RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 657 pacientes, de las que 152 presentaron parto pretérmino inminente (grupo A) y 505 fueron consideradas como controles (grupo B). No se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos en cuanto a edad materna, nuliparidad, antecedente de parto pretérmino, antecedente de hábito tabáquico e índice de masa corporal. Las pacientes del grupo A presentaron valores significativamente más bajos del índice de consistencia cervical y de longitud cervical que las del grupo B (p < 0,0001). El índice de consistencia cervical mostró un valor de área bajo la curva de 0,857, mientras que para la longitud cervical este fue de 0,977. La diferencia de la capacidad de discriminación entre las áreas bajo la curva de cada prueba fue significativa (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSIÓN: El índice de consistencia cervical no es superior a la longitud cervical en la predicción de parto pretérmino inminente en pacientes sintomáticas.


OBJECTIVE: To compare the cervical consistency index with the cervical length in predicting imminent preterm delivery in symptomatic patients. METHOD: This prospective study was conducted in women with single pregnancies between 24 and 35 weeks, with a clinical diagnosis of threatened preterm delivery who attended the Central Hospital Dr. Urquinaona, in Maracaibo, Venezuela. At the time of diagnosis, the patients were evaluated using transvaginal ultrasound to establish the values of the cervical consistency index and cervical length. The main result was imminent delivery (in the 7 days following the evaluation). RESULTS: 657 patients were included, 152 women presented imminent preterm delivery (group A) and 505 were considered as controls (group B). No differences were found between the groups concerning maternal age, nulliparity, history of preterm delivery, history of smoking, and body mass index. Group A patients presented significantly lower values of cervical consistency index and cervical length compared to group B patients (p < 0.0001). The cervical consistency index and cervical length showed an area value under the curve of 0.857 and 0.977, respectively. The difference in the ability to discriminate between the areas under the curve of each test was significant (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The cervical consistency index is not superior to the cervical length in the prediction of imminent preterm delivery in symptomatic patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Cervix Uteri/diagnostic imaging , Obstetric Labor, Premature/diagnosis , Organ Size , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Sensitivity and Specificity
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 54(1): e10235, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1142572

ABSTRACT

A prospective cohort study was conducted on a convenience sample of 1370 pregnant women with a gestational age of 20 to 25 weeks in the city of Ribeirão Preto. Data on obstetrical history, maternal age, parity, smoking habit, and a history of preterm delivery was collected with the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire. Cervical length was determined by endovaginal ultrasound, and urine and vaginal content samples were obtained to determine urinary tract infection (UTI) and bacterial vaginosis (BV), respectively. The aim of this study was to verify the association of cervical length and genitourinary infections with preterm birth (PTB). Ultrasound showed no association of UTI or BV with short cervical length. PTB rate was 9.63%. Among the women with PTB, 15 showed UTI (RR: 1.55, 95%CI: 0.93-2.58), 19 had BV (RR: 1.22, 95%CI: 0.77-1.94), and one had both UTI and BV (RR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.13-5.62). Nineteen (14.4%) PTB occurred in women with a cervical length ≤2.5 cm (RR: 2.89, 95%CI: 1.89-4.43). Among the 75 patients with PTB stratified as spontaneous, 10 showed UTI (RR: 2.02, 95%CI: 1.05-3.86) and 14 had a diagnosis of BV (RR: 1.72, 95%CI: 0.97-3.04). A short cervical length between 20 and 25 weeks of pregnancy was associated with PTB, whereas UTI and BV determined at this age were not associated with short cervical length or with PTB, although UTI, even if asymptomatic, was related to spontaneous PTB.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Young Adult , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Premature Birth/epidemiology , Female Urogenital Diseases/microbiology , Vagina/microbiology , Brazil , Cervix Uteri/diagnostic imaging , Prospective Studies , Ultrasonography , Gestational Age
4.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 18(1): 195-204, Jan.-Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013076

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to compare the percentage of collagen fibers in the autopsied women's uterine body and cervix with and without the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids). Methods: 30 autopsied women's medical files were selected from 1988 to 2013. 30 fragments of the uterine body and 30 cervix were collected and then divided into two groups, 15 with Aids and 15 without, The quantification of the collagen fibers of the uterine body and cervix was performed on slides stained with picrosirius, using the KS-300® system. Results: the percentage of collagen fibers was lower for cervix (U=336544; p=0.001) and higher for the uterine body (U=308726,5; p=0.004) in the retroviral group when compared to the group without the disease. The percentage was higher for cervix than the uterine body in the group with Aids (t=0,4793; p=0.0031). the same result was found in the group without Aids (t=2,397; p=0.0637). Conclusions: the increase in the percentage of collagen fibers in the uterine body of women with Aids' indicates an immune response for viral infection and reveals a failure in keeping the infection restricted to the cervix. The interpretation of the histochemical and morphometric parameters can be useful in the diagnosis associated to HIV infection, contributing for clinical improvement and life expectancy.


Resumo Objetivos: comparar a porcentagem de fibras colágenas no corpo e colo uterino de mulheres autopsiadas com e sem a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (Aids). Métodos: foram selecionados 30 prontuários de mulheres autopsiadas no período de 1988 a 2013. Foram coletados 30 fragmentos do corpo uterino e 30 do colo uterino, dividido em dois grupos, 15 com Aids e 15 sem. A quantificação das fibras colágenas do corpo e colo uterino foi feita nas lâminas coradas por picrosirius, utilizando-se o sistema KS-300®. Resultados: a porcentagem de fibras colágenas foi menor no colo (U=336544; p=0,001) e maior no corpo uterino (U=308 726,5; p=0,004) no grupo com a retrovirose quando comparado ao grupo sem a doença. A porcentagem no grupo com Aids foi maior no colo uterino do que no corpo (t=0,4793; p=0,0031). Sendo o mesmo resultado encontrado para o grupo sem Aids (t=2.397; p=0,0637). Conclusões: um aumento da porcentagem de fibras colágenas no corpo uterino das mulheres com Aids indica uma resposta imune frente a infecção viral e revela uma falha em manter a infecção restrita ao colo. A interpretação dos parâmetros histoquímicos e morfométricos podem ser úteis no diagnóstico das condições associadas à infecção pelo HIV, contribuindo para a melhora clínica e expectativa de vida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Patients , Autopsy , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Collagen , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/physiopathology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies
5.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 39(12): 647-652, Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-898851

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose To determine cervical biometry in pregnant women between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation and the ideal mode of measurement of cervical length in cases of curved and straight cervical morphology. Methods The uterine cervices of 752 low-risk pregnant women were assessed using transvaginal ultrasound in a prospective cross-sectional study. In women with straight uterine cervices, cervical biometry was performed in a continuous manner. In women with curved uterine cervices, the biometry was performed using both the continuous and segmented techniques (in segments joining the cervical os). Polynomial regression models were created to assess the correlation between the cervical length and gestational age. The paired Student t-test was used to comparemeasuring techniques. Results The cervical biometry results did not vary significantly with the gestational age and were best represented by linear regression (R2 = 0.0075 with the continuous technique, and R2 = 0.0017 with the segmented technique). Up to the 21st week of gestation, there was a predominance of curved uterine cervix morphology (58.9%), whereas the straight morphology predominated after this gestational age (54.2%). There was a significant difference between the continuous and the segmented measuring methods in all the assessed gestational ages (p < 0.001). Conclusion Cervical biometry in pregnant women between 18 and 24 weeks was represented by a linear regression, independently of the measuring mode. The ideal measuring technique was the transvaginal ultrasound performed at a gestational age 21 weeks.


Resumo Objetivo Determinar a biometria cervical em gestantes entre a 18ª e 24ª semanas, e ainda a forma ideal de mensuração do comprimento do colo uterino em casos de morfologias curva e reta. Métodos Foram realizadas avaliações ultrassonográficas via vaginal dos colos uterinos de 752 gestantes de baixo risco em um estudo prospectivo transversal. Nos colos uterinos retos a biometria cervical foi feita de forma contínua, enquanto nos colos uterinos curvos, a biometria foi realizada de duas formas, contínua e fracionada (em segmentos unindo os orifícios do colo). Para avaliar a correlação entre o comprimento do colo uterino e a idade gestacional, foram criados modelos de regressão polinomial. Para se comparar a técnicas de medida do colo uterino, utilizou-se o teste t-Student pareado. Resultados A biometria do colo uterino não variou de forma significativa com a idade gestacional, sendo melhor representada por uma regressão linear (R2 = 0,0075 na forma contínua, e R2 = 0,0017 na forma fracionada, respectivamente). Observamos que até a 21ª semana houve predominância de colos curvos (58,9%), porém após esta idade gestacional a morfologia retilínea predominou (54,2%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a forma de mensuração contínua e fracionada em todas as idades gestacionais avaliadas (p < 0,001). Conclusão A expressão da biometria cervical em gestantes entre 18 e 24 semanas é praticamente uma reta, independente da forma de mensuração. A forma ideal de medida é por ultrassonografia transvaginal realizada em idade gestacional 21 semanas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Cervical Length Measurement , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
6.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 39(9): 443-452, Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-898895

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To define transvaginal ultrasound reference ranges for uterine cervix measurements according to gestational age (GA) in low-risk pregnancies. Methods Cohort of low-risk pregnantwomen undergoing transvaginal ultrasound exams every 4 weeks, comprisingmeasurements of the cervical length and volume, the transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the cervix, and distance fromthe entrance of the uterine artery into the cervix until the internal os. The inter- and intraobserver variabilities were assessed with the linear correlation coefficient and the Student t-test. Within each period of GA, 2.5, 10, 50, 90 and 97.5 percentiles were estimated, and the variation by GA was assessed with analysis of variance for dependent samples. Mean values and Student t-test were used to compare the values stratified by control variables. Results After confirming the high reproducibility of the method, 172 women followed in this cohort presented a reduction in cervical length, with an increase in volume and in the anteroposterior and transverse diameters during pregnancy. Smaller cervical lengths were associated with younger age, lower parity, and absence of previous cesarean section (C-section). Conclusion In the studied population, we observed cervical length shortening throughout pregnancy, suggesting a physiological reduction mainly in the vaginal portion of the cervix. In order to better predict pretermbirth, cervical insufficiency and premature rupture of membranes, reference curves and specific cut-off values need to be validated.


Resumo Objetivo Elaborar curvas de referências de medidas ultrassonográficas de colo uterino por idade gestacional (IG) em gestações de baixo risco. Métodos Coorte de gestantes de baixo risco, submetidas a ultrassom transvaginal repetido a cada 4 semanas, com medida do comprimento, dos diâmetros anteroposterior e transverso, da distância entre a entrada da artéria uterina no colo e o orifício interno, e do volume do colo. Foi avaliada a variabilidade inter e intraobservador entre as medidas com o coeficiente de correlação linear e teste t de Student. Para cada faixa de IG, estimaram-se os percentis 2,5, 10, 50, 90 e 97,5 dos valores das medidas, com a variação por IG avaliada por análise de variância para amostras dependentes. As comparações dos valores por variáveis de controle foram feitas por meio dos cálculos de médias e teste t de Student. Resultados Assegurada a alta reprodutibilidade do método, as 172 mulheres acompanhadas na coorte apresentaram redução das medidas de comprimento de colo com o decorrer da gestação, com aumento de volume e dos diâmetros anteroposterior e transverso. O menor comprimento cervical foi associado à menor idade materna, menor paridade, e ausência de cesárea prévia. Conclusão Na população estudada foi observada redução no comprimento cervical com o decorrer da gestação, sugerindo encurtamento fisiológico principalmente à custa da porção vaginal do colo. Há a necessidade de validar tais curvas de referência e pontos de corte específicos para uma melhor predição de risco de parto pré-termo, insuficiência cervical, e amniorrexe prematura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Cervix Uteri/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Pregnancy Trimesters , Reference Values , Vagina , Prospective Studies , Risk Assessment
7.
Campinas; s.n; ago. 2016. 65 p ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-831916

ABSTRACT

Introdução: o câncer do colo uterino é o quarto tipo de câncer mais comum entre as mulheres. O tratamento pode incluir a radioterapia e um dos eventos adversos é a estenose vaginal. Objetivos: avaliar a incidência de estenose vaginal através de medidas objetivas e uma escala subjetiva, e identificar os fatores associados à ocorrência desse evento adverso após a radioterapia pélvica. Métodos: estudo longitudinal descritivo realizado de janeiro/2013 a novembro/2015 com 139 mulheres portadoras de neoplasia maligna do colo uterino, estádio I-IIIB, com idades entre 18-75 anos que haviam sido convidadas a participar de um ensaio clínico randomizado para avaliar diversos tratamentos para estenose vaginal após radioterapia. O desfecho foi a estenose vaginal, avaliada através da escala de estenose vaginal Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 (CTCAEv3.0) e da diferença entre as medidas do comprimento e do diâmetro da vagina logo após o término da radioterapia. As variáveis independentes foram as características da neoplasia, dados clínicos e sociodemográficos. A análise bivariada foi realizada usando os testes do qui-quadrado, Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. A análise multivariada foi realizada através da regressão de Poisson e do modelo linear generalizado. Resultados: a média de idade foi de 47,2 (± 13,4) anos e 40,3% das mulheres estavam na pós-menopausa. Metade delas apresentava câncer do colo do útero estadio IIIB (50,4%). Pela escala CTCAEv3.0, 42 mulheres (30,2%) não apresentaram estenose, 96 mulheres (69,1%) apresentaram estenose grau 1 e uma mulher (0,7%) apresentou estenose grau 2 logo após a radioterapia. Com relação às alterações das medidas vaginais, a variação média de diâmetro foi -0,6 (± 1,7) mm e a variação média do comprimento foi -0,6 (± 1,3) cm. Quinze mulheres apresentaram redução do diâmetro vaginal, sendo que em 93,5% delas a redução foi de 0,5 cm e em 1 mulher a redução foi de 1 cm. Com relação ao comprimento vaginal, 65,7% apresentaram diminuição da medida, sendo que dessas, 62% tiveram diminuição de 0,5-1 cm; 32% tiveram diminuição de 1,5-2,5 cm e 6% tiveram diminuição de 3-4 cm. Por outro lado, 11 mulheres (8%) tiveram aumento do comprimento vaginal, sendo que dessas, 36,3% tiveram aumento de 0,5-1 cm; 36,3% tiveram aumento de 1,5-2,5 cm; 18,3% tiveram aumento de 3-4 cm e 9,1% tiveram aumento de 5 cm. Na análise multivariada, mulheres com invasão vaginal apresentaram menos estenose vaginal pela escala CTCAEv3.0 (coeficiente:-0,51;p<0,01). Quanto à variação do diâmetro, mulheres com estadiamento clínico IIIA/IIIB apresentaram redução da medida mais frequentemente (coeficiente:+1,44;p=0,02). Quanto à variação do comprimento, mulheres que realizaram teleterapia/braquiterapia apresentaram maior redução da medida (coeficiente:-1,17;p<0,01) e mulheres portadoras de diabetes (coeficiente:+1,16; p<0,01) e com invasão vaginal pelo tumor (coeficiente:+0,73;p<0,01) apresentaram aumento da medida. Conclusões: a maioria das mulheres apresentou estenose leve, com redução discreta do comprimento do canal vaginal. Estadiamento clínico avançado e realizar uma associação de braquiterapia e teleterapia se associaram a uma maior frequência de estenose. Mulheres com neoplasias do colo que invadem a vagina apresentam aumento das medidas do comprimento vaginal logo após a radioterapia devido à redução do volume tumoral. (AU)


Introduction: cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. Treatment may include radiation therapy and one of the adverse events is vaginal stenosis. Objectives: to evaluate the incidence of vaginal stenosis using objective measures and a subjective scale, and to identify factors associated with the occurrence of this adverse event after pelvic radiotherapy for cancer of the cervix. Methods: a longitudinal descriptive study conducted from Jan/2013 to Nov/2015 with 139 women suffering from malignant cervical cancer, stage I-IIIB, aged 18-75 years who had been invited to participate in a randomized clinical trial to evaluate various treatments for vaginal stenosis after radiotherapy. The main outcome was vaginal stenosis assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAEv3.0) and through changes in vaginal diameter and length after the end of radiotherapy. Independent variables were the characteristics of the neoplasm, clinical and sociodemographic data. Bivariate analysis was carried out using chi-squared test, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney's test. Multiple analysis was carried out using Poisson regression and a generalized linear model. Results: The mean age was 47.2 (± 13.4) years and 40.3% of women were postmenopausal. Half of them had cervical cancer stage IIIB (50.4%). By CTCAEv3.0 scale, 42 women (30.2%) showed no stenosis, 96 women (69.1%) had grade 1 stenosis and one woman (0.7%) had grade 2 stenosis after radiotherapy. Regarding changes in vaginal measures the average change in diameter was 0.6 (± 1.7) mm and the average length variation was -0.6 (± 1.3) cm. Fifteen women had reduced vaginal diameter, and in 93.5% of them the reduction was 0.5 cm and in one woman the reduction was 1 cm. Regarding vaginal length, 65.7% showed a decrease in extent, and of these, 62% had decreased 0.5-1 cm; 32% had decreased 1.5-2.5 cm and 6% had a reduction of 3-4 cm. On the other hand, 11 women (8%) had an increase in vaginal length, and of these, 36.3% had an increase of 0.5-1 cm; 36.3% had an increase of 1.5-2.5 cm; 18.3% had an increase of 3-4 cm and 9.1% had an increase of 5 cm. In multivariate analysis, women with tumoral invasion of the vaginal walls had fewer vaginal stenosis by CTCAEv3.0 scale (coefficient: -0.51, p <0.01). As to changes in diameter, women with clinical stage IIIA/IIIB had reductions in this measure more frequently (coefficient: +1.44; p=0.02). As to changes in vaginal length, women who underwent teletherapy/brachytherapy showed greater reduction in this measure (coefficient: -1.17; p <0.01) and women with diabetes (coefficient: +1.16; p <0.01) and tumoral invasion of the vaginal walls (coefficient: +0.73; p <0.01) had increases in this measure more frequently. Conclusion: most women had mild stenosis, with a slight reduction of the length of the vagina. Advanced clinical stage and performing a combination of brachytherapy and teletherapy were associated with a higher frequency of stenosis. Women with cervical cancer which invades the vaginal walls have increases in vaginal length after radiotherapy due to reduction in tumoral volume.(AU)


Subject(s)
Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Brachytherapy/adverse effects , Constriction, Pathologic/epidemiology , Constriction, Pathologic/therapy , Vaginal Diseases
8.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 42(1): 0-0, ene.-mar. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-795982

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el examen citológico de Papanicolaou tiene como objetivo el diagnóstico de lesiones precancerosas o cancerosas del cuello uterino, una evaluación hormonal y de flora bacteriana. Objetivos: determinar la proporción de hallazgos no neoplásicos y las anormalidades epiteliales escamosas y glandulares remitidos al área de Citología del Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé. Métodos: se diseñó una investigación de tipo analítico-correlacional prospectiva de corte transversal en todos los frotices referidos de cinco redes y microredes de salud. El procesamiento citológico se realizó en conformidad con los requerimientos internacionales para citología. La interpretación citológica se realizó según el Sistema Bethesda. Resultados: de 72 644 extendidos cérvicouterinos evaluados mediante sistema de calidad del Sistema Bethesda, la proporción de resultados con alteraciones cérvico-uterinas (prevalencia 6,5 por ciento; IC: 95 por ciento: 6,32 por ciento, 6,68 por ciento), negativos posevaluación y Hallazgos no neoplásicos fue de 4724 (6,5 por ciento), 35 318 (51,7 por ciento) y 32 602 (48,2 por ciento) muestras, respectivamente (p< 0,005). La probabilidad posprueba fue de 89,3 por ciento (IC: 95 por ciento: 87,1 por ciento a 91,1 por ciento; likelihood ratio LR > 10) y se estableció una correlación directa significativa entre los hallazgos/NLIM y las edades de los pacientes (rho= 0,477; p< 0,005). Además, 46,53 por ciento de estos hallazgos corresponden a flora sugestiva de vaginosis bacteriana, 22,5 por ciento a cambios reactivos asociados a inflamación y 21 por ciento a metaplasia escamosa. La asociación más frecuente fue la metaplasia escamosa, vaginosis bacteriana e inflamación severa 5,5 por ciento (1495 resultados). Conclusiones: la proporción de hallazgos no neoplásicos fue considerable y las anormalidades epiteliales escamosas y glandulares estuvieron sobre el promedio estándar(AU)


Introduction: The Pap test aims at diagnosing precancerous or cancerous lesions of the cervix, hormonal evaluation, and bacterial flora. Objectives: Determine the proportion of non-neoplastic findings, squamous and glandular epithelial abnormalities referred to the district ofHospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolome. Methods: A prospective, analytical, correlational, cross-sectional research was designedfor all vaginal smear which were referred from five health networks and micro-networks. Cytological processing was carried out in accordance with applicable international requirements. Cytologic interpretation was performed according to Bethesda System. Results: Out of 72,644 cervical smears evaluated by Bethesda quality system, the proportion of results with cervical uterine disorders (prevalence 6.5 percent CI 95 percent: 6.32 percent, 6.68 percent) were 4724 (6.5 percent) samples, negative posevaluación was 35318 (51.7 percent) samples, and nonneoplastic findings 32 602 (48.2 percent) samples, (p< 0.005). Posttest probability was 89.3 percent (CI 95 percent: 87.1 percent to 91.1 percent; likelihood ratio LR > 10) and a significant direct correlation was established between the findings/nLiM and ages of patients (rho= 0.477; p< 0.005). Moreover, 46.53 percent of NIM flora suggestive corresponds to bacterial vaginosis (BV), 22.5 percent to reactive changes associated with inflammation and squamous metaplasia 21 percent (MET). The most frequent association was MET, VB, and severe inflammation 5.5 percent (1495 results). Conclusions: The proportion of non-neoplastic findings was considerable; squamous and glandular epithelial abnormalities were above average standard(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Cervix Uteri/cytology , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Papanicolaou Test/methods , Atypical Squamous Cells of the Cervix/cytology , Demography , Prospective Studies
9.
Salvador; s.n; 2016. 79 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001016

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer do colo do útero é uma doença que apresenta um alto potencial de cura quando diagnosticado e tratado precocemente. Entretanto, sua morbimortalidade em todo o mundo ainda é elevada, constituindo-se um grande problema de Saúde Pública. O diagnóstico tardio desta neoplasia e o atraso no início do tratamento são fatores que comprometem a sobrevivência das mulheres acometidas. Assim, os determinantes para o retardo no atendimento especializado e no início do tratamento precisam ser melhor compreendidos para a efetiva assistência a essas mulheres. OBJETIVO: Descrever as características demográficas, socioeconômicas, clínicas e relacionadas ao acesso a serviços de saúde de mulheres com câncer do colo do útero e investigar a associação destas características com o retardo para um atendimento especializado e para o início do tratamento. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte onde foram incluídas mulheres com câncer do colo do útero atendidas no Hospital Aristides Maltez, no período de 2011 a 2014...


INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is a disease that presents a high potential of cure when is diagnosed and treated early. However, their morbidity and mortality worldwide is still high, becoming a major public health problem. The late diagnosis of this tumor and the delay in the start of treatment are factors that compromise the survival of affected women. Thus, the decisive for the delay in specialized care and early treatment need to be better understood for effective assistance to these women. OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic, socioeconomic , clinical and the access to health care characteristcs of women with cervical cancer and to investigate the association of these characteristics with the delay for specialized care and treatment initiation. METHODOLOGY: This is a cohort study where were included women with cervical cancer treated at Hospital Aristides Maltez, from 2011 to 2014...


Subject(s)
Humans , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Cervix Uteri/surgery , Cervix Uteri/cytology , Cervix Uteri/injuries , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms/immunology , Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms/radiotherapy
10.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 20(1): 97-107, Jan-Feb/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741452

ABSTRACT

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare genetic condition that affects approximately 1 in every 20,000 - 50,000 live births. WBS children have specific skeletal deformities, dental malformations and rare lingual muscle dysfunction. The need for orthodontic and orthognathic therapy has arisen and has been considered a real clinical challenge even for experienced professionals, once it requires a complex and individualized treatment plan. This study reports a case of orthopedic expansion of the maxilla, in which a modified facial mask was used for protraction of the maxillary complex associated with clockwise rotation of the maxilla. In addition, special considerations about treatment time and orthopedic outcomes are discussed.


A síndrome de Williams-Beuren (WBS) é uma doença genética rara, acometendo, aproximadamente, de 1:20.000 a 1:50.000 crianças nascidas. As crianças com WBS têm deformidades esqueléticas específicas, má formações dentárias e, algumas vezes, disfunção muscular da língua. As necessidades ortodônticas e ortognáticas têm sido consideradas um verdadeiro desafio clínico, até mesmo para aqueles profissionais com vasta experiência, uma vez que requerem um plano de tratamento individualizado e complexo. Esse relato de caso aborda uma expansão ortopédica da maxila, em que foi utilizada uma máscara facial modificada para protração do complexo maxilar, acompanhada de uma rotação horária da maxila. Além disso, considerações especiais sobre o tempo de tratamento e resultados ortopédicos são discutidas.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/standards , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/standards , Tumor Burden , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Lymph Nodes/anatomy & histology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Organs at Risk/anatomy & histology , Pelvis/anatomy & histology , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Uterus/anatomy & histology , Vagina/anatomy & histology
11.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 49(3): 225-231, 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687613

ABSTRACT

Dados histomorfométricos foram obtidos de cornos uterinos de gatas nulíparas (n=6), primíparas (n= 6), multíparalterações mais marcantes nas gatas tratadas; as variações morfológicas menos marcantes foram relativas ao diâmetro e epitélio glandulares; a presença de glândulas endometriais dilatadas foi encontrada somente nas gatas tratadas.


Histomorphometric data were obtained from cats uterine horns: either nulliparous (n = 6), primiparous (n = 6), multiparous (n = 6) and treated with contraceptive (n = 6). The material was collected after surgery, fixed in paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraplast® resin to be sliced in a microtome. The obtained sections were stained with hematoxylin -eosin and measured under a light microscope: uterine wall total thickness (μm), endometrium total height, endometrial glands diameter and glandular epithelia height, total myometrium, internal and external myometrium and vascular layer thickness. It was concluded that: 1 -contraceptive use and number of pregnancies altered the uterine structure, 2 -one pregnancy does not appear to affect the uterine lining structures as occurs in multiparous cats, 3 – there was no variation on the evaluated structures between nulliparous and primiparous cats except for inner myometrium, 4 - the total myometrium hight and the endometrium hight showed similar variations except for the contraceptive treated cats group, 5 - the outer myometrium showed marked changes in the treated cats, 6 – the less marked morphological variations were for the endometrial glands diameter and glandular epithelium hight, 7 - the presence of dilated endometrial glands was found only in treated cats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Cats/classification , Microtomy , Contraceptive Agents
12.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 31(supl.1): 33-38, dez. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-613489

ABSTRACT

The major barrier to accomplishment of artificial insemination in ewes is the anatomy of the cervix combined with low viability and survival of frozen ram semen. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphology of the cervix in ewes. Eighty-one specimens were obtained from a slaughterhouse and the following characteristics were evaluated: type of external cervical os, cervical size, integrity and interdigitation of cervical rings, gross characteristics and size of the ovaries (follicles and corpus luteum), and the time spent to pass an insemination catheter through the lumen of the cervix. The most frequent was the slit type cervical opening and grade II internal ring arrangement. The time spent to pass the insemination catheter through the cervix was 6 minutes and 15 seconds, and the dye was spread throughout the cervical lumen reaching the uterus in most sheep. The average values of cervical opening diameter and cervical length were 0.68cm and 4.4cm respectively. Ovarian follicular activity was found in 75 percent of the ewes. A positive correlation was established between some of the variables. We conclude that cervical opening size is influenced by estrogen, slit type cervical os and grade III cervical ring arrangement; also, the greater length of the cervix was associated with greater difficulty to pass the insemination catheter.


A principal barreira para a aplicação da inseminação artificial transcervical é a anatomia cervical aliada à baixa viabilidade e sobrevida do sêmen ovino congelado. Assim, este experimento teve como objetivo estudar a morfologia da cérvice de ovelhas. Para tal, foram adquiridas, em matadouro, 81 peças do trato reprodutor de ovelhas, nas quais se avaliou a morfologia cervical, segundo as seguintes características: tipo de óstio cervical, mensuração do tamanho da cérvice, integralidade e interdigitação entre os anéis das pregas cervicais, tamanho e características macroscópicas dos ovários (folículos e corpo lúteo) e tempo da passagem do aplicador de sêmen pela cérvice. Foi identificada maior frequência do tipo liso de abertura da cérvice e integralidade e interdigitação dos anéis grau II. O tempo de passagem do aplicador pela cérvice foi em média de seis minutos e 15 segundos, sendo que o corante aplicado se difundiu por todo o canal, atingindo o útero na maioria das ovelhas. A média do diâmetro da abertura cervical foi de 0,68cm e o comprimento cervical de 4,4cm. A atividade folicular ovariana foi encontrada em 75 por cento das fêmeas. Foi possível estabelecer várias correlações entre as variáveis. Conclui-se que o tamanho da abertura cervical sofre influência estrogênica, e o tipo liso de abertura cervical, o grau III de integralidade e interdigitação dos anéis e o maior comprimento da cérvice foram associados à maior dificuldade de passar o cateter no lúmen cervical.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Insemination, Artificial/veterinary , Sheep/embryology , Biometry , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Reproductive Techniques/veterinary
13.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 70(1): 4-10, mar. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631418

ABSTRACT

Monitorear los cambios en la longitud, ancho y forma del cuello uterino, con sonografía transperineal en las seis últimas semanas del embarazo y su posible significancia pronóstica. En 97 embarazadas normales atendidas en consulta prenatal de rutina, a las 34-40 semanas de gestación, se practicaron 173 mediciones de la longitud y ancho del cuello uterino, mediante sonografía transperineal. Grupo Médico Nova Cecil, La Trinidad. De las 97 embarazadas 82 parieron normalmente y 15 fueron intervenidas por estrechez pélvica. En los partos normales, en el promedio, por el aumento del ancho del cuello en 1 mm, la longitud del cuello decreció 0,37 mm en el rango de mediciones realizadas. Además, la pendiente fue significativamente diferente de cero. Por el contrario, en las intervenidas estos cambios no presentaron significancia estadística. Mientras la correlación entre largo y ancho del cuello fue estadísticamente significativa en las pacientes con parto normal, no ocurrió así en las pacientes intervenidas. Estos cambios tienen significancia pronóstica


To monitor uterine cervix’ length, wide and form with transperineal sonography in the last six weeks of pregnancy and their prognostic significance. In 97 normal pregnant women attending routine antenatal care at 34-40 gestational weeks, we performed 173 measurements of the length and wide of the cervix, by transperineal sonography. Grupo Médico Nova Cecil, La Trinidad. Out of the 97 pregnant women 82 delivered vaginally and 15 were operated due to pelvic stenosis. In the normal deliveries, on the average, for every increase in the cervix width of 1 mm, the cervix length decreases 0,37 over the range of measurements made. Besides, the slope was statistically significant from zero. On the contrary, in the caesarean cases these changes did not were statistically significant. While correlation between length and wide was statistically significant in normal deliveries, this relationship was absent in the caesarean cases. These changes have prognostic significance


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Ultrasonography , Prenatal Care/methods , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Cervix Uteri
14.
Hacia promoc. salud ; 13: 154-177, ene.-dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-539796

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio epidemiológico analítico-descriptivo, cuyos objetivos fueron: conocer y determinar cómo se asocian factores biológicos y psicosociales con la presencia de lesiones neoplásicas del tracto genital inferior femenino en una población adolescente del departamento de Caldas, lo cual se relacionó, por un lado, con el análisis de la distribución y frecuencia de la población estudiada en cuanto a sexualidad, reproducción, factores culturales y factores psicosociales, y por otro, con la interacción de factores de riesgo en la aparición de dichas lesiones. Se tomó una muestra de 269 mujeres, seleccionadas después de su participación en jornadas educativas respecto a cáncer de cuello uterino y de mama. A este grupo se le aplicó una encuesta estructurada, diseñada para tal fin, la cual se diligenció directamente por los investigadores, previo consentimiento informado. A cada informante se le realizó citología y colposcopia, con un manejo estrictamente confidencial de la información. Los datos se analizaron retomando su distribución y frecuencia por categorías de variable, con lo cual se buscó determinar la asociación de los factores con la presencia o no de lesiones neoplásicas al contrastarlos con los resultados de citología y colposcopia.


This article presents the results of an epidemiologic analytical-descriptive study whose objectives were to examine and determine how biological and psychosocial factors are associated to the presence of neoplastic lesions of the lower female genital tract in a teenage population in the department of Caldas. The study analyzed the distribution and frequency of the studied population in terms of sexuality, reproduction, cultural and psychosocial factors, and secondly, the interaction of risk factors in the occurrence of such injury. A sample of 269 women, selected after their involvement in educational sessions related to cervical cancer and breast cancer, was interviewed by means of a structured survey, which was filled-out directly by the researchers, with prior consent from the women. A cervical smear and a colposcopy were performed on each patient, confidentially handling the information. The data was analyzed taking into consideration the distribution and frequency of the variable categories, looking to determine the association of factors with the presence or absence of neoplastic lesions, when contrasted with the cervical smear and colposcopy results.


Em este artigo apresentam se os resultados duma pesquisa epidemiológica analítico-descritivo, cujos objetivos foram: conhecer e determinar como associam se fatores biológicos y psicossociais com a presença de lesões neoplásicas do conduto genital inferior feminino numa povoação adolescente do Departamento de Caldas, o qual se relacionou, por um lado, com a análise da distribuição e freqüência da povoação estudada em quanto a sexualidade, reprodução, fatores culturais e fatores psicossociais, e por outro lado, com a interação de fatores de risco na aparição de ditas lesões. Tomou se uma amostra de 269 mulheres, selecionadas depois de sua participação em jornadas educativas respeito ao câncer de colo uterino e mama. A este grupo aplicou se uma enquete estruturada, desenhada tal fim, a qual diligenciou se direitamente por os pesquisadores, prévio consentimento informado. A cada informante realizou se citologia e colposcopia, com um manejo estritamente confidencial da informação. Os dados realizaram se retomando sua distribuição e freqüência por categorias de variável, com o qual se procurou determinar a associação dos fatores com a presença ou não de lesões neoplásicas ao contrastarlos com os resultados de citologias e colposcopias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Cell Biology , Colposcopy/nursing , Colposcopy/methods , Colposcopy , Risk Factors , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Cervix Uteri/abnormalities , Cervix Uteri/growth & development , Cervix Uteri/physiopathology , Cervix Uteri/injuries
15.
Hacia promoc. salud ; 13: 210-223, ene.-dic. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-539799

ABSTRACT

El cáncer de cuello uterino es un problema de salud específico de la mujer con repercusiones sociales y económicas, en ella, la familia y la comunidad; en este sentido, los programas de detección precoz deben estructurarse y sistematizarse adecuadamente con el fin de garantizar educación, prevención, diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno. Con el fin de evaluar la estructura, procesos y resultados del Programa de Prevención de Cáncer Cuello Uterino en Caldas durante los años 2005 y 2006, se realizó un estudio en alianza Universidad de Caldas, Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, con un diseño descriptivo, evaluativo y retrospectivo. Se seleccionaron 4 municipios estratégicamente situados en el departamento de Caldas; los responsables del programa de cada hospital, diligenciaron una base de datos que fué la guía para el diagnóstico, diseñado por las investigadoras. Las mujeres asistentes al programa en su mayoría tenían entre 26 y 45 años. Las horas de dedicación del personal de salud encargado fueron muy altas con relación al número de citologías tomadas; se presentaron problemas de registro de colposcopias; faltaron reportes de citologías; aspectos estos que afectan la calidad de la atención a las usuarias y al programa. Los reportes obtenidos sobre cáncer invasivo se realizaron sólo a través de citología; en el informe recibido no se reportaron resultados de biopsias a pesar de ser esta la prueba de oro que confirma el diagnóstico; además, el seguimiento a las usuarias tratadas era incipiente y discontinuo. Se evidenciaron fallas y ambigüedad para especificar las funciones del personal de enfermería; las citologías fueron tomadas en su mayoría por auxiliar de enfermería y la norma técnica para tamizaje recomienda que sea realizado por médico o enfermera capacitados. Del mismo modo, se detectaron debilidades en la educación para la salud a la comunidad para la prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino.


A structured and systematized early detection program for cervical cancer should ensure education, prevention, early diagnosis, and adequate treatment. Cervical cancer is a social and economic problem that impacts the woman, as well as her family and community. This study was conducted during 2005 and 2006 by means of an alliance with the Universidad de Caldas, Department and Territorial Health Office of Caldas. The study had a descriptive, evaluative and retrospective design. Four strategically located municipalities of Caldas were selected for education and follow-up. The staff of each hospital filled out a database that guided the process, which was designed by the researchers. Women between the ages of 26 and 45 were the most common cases. The hours the staff dedicated to the program were high, in comparison to the number of cervical smears performed. There were problems regarding the colposcopy records, lost cervical smear records, all of which affect the program's patients. The reports on invasive cancer were obtained only by means of cervical smears; no biopsies were reported, despite this being the best test for confirming the diagnosis. The patients' follow-ups were not continuous. A lack of specificity in nursing functions was also seen, since cervical smears are usually performed by nursing assistants, when the norm states that a trained physician or chief nurse should perform the procedure. A weakness in education to the community was seen.


O câncer de colo uterino é um problema de saúde especifico da mulher com repercussões sociais e econômicas, na família e a comunidade, neste sentido, os programas de detenção preços devem estruturasse e sistematizasse adequadamente com o fim de garantir educação, prevenção, diagnostico preços e tratamento oportuno. Com o fim de avaliar a estrutura, processos e resultados do Programa de Prevenção de Câncer de Colo Uterino em Caldas durante os anos 2005 e 2006, se realizou uma pesquisa em aliança Universidade Caldas, Direção Territorial de Saúde de Caldas, com um desenho descritivo, evaluativo, e retrospectivo. Se selecionaram 4 municípios estrategicamente situados no Estado de Caldas; os responsáveis do programa de cada hospital, diligenciaram uma base de dados que foi a guia para o diagnostico, desenhado pelas investigadoras. As mulheres assistentes ao programa em sua maioria tinham entre 26 e 45 anos. As horas de dedicação do pessoal de saúde encarregado foram muito altas com relação ao numero de citologias tomadas; se apresentaram problemas de risco de colposcopias; faltaram reportes de citologias, aspectos estes que afetam a qualidade da atenção às usuárias e ao programa. Os reportes obtidos sobre câncer invasivo se realizaram só a través de citologia, no informe recebido não se reportaram resultados de biopsias a pesar de ser esta a prova de ouro que confirma o diagnostico; alias o seguimento às usuárias tratadas era incipiente e descontinuo. Evidenciaram-se falha e antiguidades para especificar as funções do pessoal de enfermaria; as citologias foram tomadas em sua maioria por auxiliares de enfermaria e a norma técnica para tamisasse recomenda que seja realizado por um medico ou enfermeira capacitados. Do mesmo modo, detectaram debilidades na educação para a saúde à comunidade para a prevenção do câncer de colo uterino.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cell Biology , Biopsy , Colposcopy , Mass Screening , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Cervix Uteri/abnormalities , Cervix Uteri/cytology , Cervix Uteri/growth & development , Cervix Uteri/injuries , Cervix Uteri/pathology
16.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 73(1): 31-34, 2008. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-513817

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: En Chile el parto prematuro es la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad clínica de la longitud cervical y la detección de fibronectina, en la predicción de parto prematuro. Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo, de corte transversal en 86 pacientes que consultaron por síntomas de parto prematuro (SPP), con membranas indemnes y edad gestacional entre las 22 y 34 semanas. El grupo estudio formado por gestantes con parto prematuro dentro de los 7 días. Al ingreso se tomó muestra cervical para fibronectina y se midió longitud cervical mediante ultrasonografía transvaginal. Resultados: De las 86 gestantes estudiadas, en 13 (15 por ciento) se produjo el parto dentro de los 7 días. La curva ROC mostró un área bajo la curva para longitud cervical de 0,475 y sensibilidad 31 por ciento (4/13), especificidad 96 por ciento (70/73), valor predictivo positivo 57 por ciento (4/7) y valor predictivo negativo 89 por ciento (70/79), riesgo relativo positivo 5,0 y riesgo relativo negativo 0,47 (p=0,014). El área bajo la curva para fibronectina fue 0,92 con una sensibilidad 77 por ciento (10/13), especificidad 90 por ciento (66/73), valor predictivo positivo (10/17) 59 por ciento y valor predictivo negativo 96 por ciento (66/69), riesgo relativo positivo 13,48 y riesgo relativo negativo 0,43 (p<0,001). Conclusión: En pacientes con síntoma de parto prematuro, cuello no remodelado y fibronectina cervical negativa, se asocian con bajo riesgo de parto prematuro. La fibronectina positiva, fue mejor predictor de parto prematuro dentro de los siete días y la longitud cervical fue superior para descartarlo.


Background: In Chile the preterm labor is the main cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate the clinical utility of the cervical length and fibronectin determination in predicting preterm delivery. Method: A prospective observational and transactional study was made, in 86 patients with preterm labor symptoms and gestational age between 22 and 34 weeks. The study group included patients with labor and delivery within a week of admission. From each patient a cervico-vaginal specimen was obtained to measure fibronectin and transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of the uterine cervix. Results: From 86 patients admitted to the study, thirteen had preterm labor (15 percent). The ROC curve showed an area under curve for cervical length of 0.475 and sensitivity 31 percent (4/13), specificity 96 percent (70/73), positive predictive value 57 percent(4/13), negative predictive value 88 percent (70/79), positive relative risk was 5.0, and the negative relative risk 0.47 (p=0.014); for fibronectin was 0.92 and sensitivity 77 percent (10/13), specificity 90 percent (66/73), positive predictive value 59 percent (10/17), negative predictive value 96 percent (66/69), positive relative riskof 13.48, negative relative risk 0.43 (p=0.014). Conclusion: In patients with premature labor symptoms, the cervical lengths none shortened and negative fibronectin result were associated with a low risk of having a preterm labor. Positive fibronectin was a better predictor of premature birth in a week of admission and the cervical length was the best in ruling out the occurrence of a premature birth.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Fibronectins/analysis , Obstetric Labor, Premature/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cervix Uteri , Biomarkers/analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Probability , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Obstetric Labor, Premature
17.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 73(5): 330-336, 2008. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-520637

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar si el acortamiento del cuello uterino en pacientes sintom¨¢ticas es predictor de parto prematuro en o antes de las 35 semanas y dentro de 7 d¨ªas. M¨¦todo: Se estudiaron 852 pacientes que consultaron por din¨¢mica uterina, a las que se midi¨® el cuello uterino al ingreso. Las pacientes fueron manejadas de acuerdo a las Gu¨ªas Cl¨ªnicas del Hospital. Se excluyeron las pacientes en trabajo de parto, con membranas rotas o con cerclaje. Resultados: La edad gestacional promedio al ingreso fue 31,5 semanas (rango: 24,0-34,9). Se present¨® parto prematuro a las 35 semanas o antes en 61 casos (7,2%), y dentro de los 7 d¨ªas del ingreso en 14 pacientes (1,6%). Fueron predictores independientes significativos (OR; IC95%) para un parto ¡Ü35 semanas las siguientes variables: antecedente de prematurez (2,03; 1,06-3,89), metrorragia (6,87; 2,83-16,65) y canal cervical <25 mm (3,31; 1,92-5,7). El an¨¢lisis con curvas ROC demostr¨® que el valor de corte que mejor predice un parto ¡Ü35 semanas y dentro de 7 d¨ªas de ingresada, es un cuello uterino <19,5 mm (p<0,05). Conclusiones: El acortamiento del canal cervical en pacientes sintom¨¢ticas, particularmente con un canal <20 mm, se asocia con un riesgo significativo de parto prematuro ¡Ü35 semanas y dentro de 7 d¨ªas de ingresada. La medici¨®n de canal cervical ayuda a distinguir a las pacientes en riesgo, con el fin de concentrar esfuerzos en ese grupo de embarazadas.


Objective: To determine if the shortening of cervical length (CL) in women with threatened preterm labor could predict delivery at or before 35 weeks´ gestation and within 7 days of presentation. Method: Sonographic measurement of CL was done in 852 women with singleton pregnancies presenting with painful uterine contractions. Women in labor, with ruptured membranes or those with cervical cerclage were excluded. Results: Median gestational age at presentation was 31.5 (range: 24.0-34.9) weeks and median cervical length was 31.5 (range: 3-61) mm. Delivery within 7 days occurred in 14 (1.6%) and delivery at or before 35 weeks, in 61 (7.2%) cases. Significant (OR; 95%CI) independent predictors of delivery at or before 35 weeks were vaginal bleeding (6.87; 2.83-16.65), cervical length (3.31; CI 1.92-5.70) and a history of preterm birth (2.03; 1.06-3.89). ROC curve analysis showed that a cervical length shorter than 19.5 mm (p<0.05) was the best cutoff value for predicting a delivery at or before 35 weeks´ gestation and within 7 days of presentation. Conclusions: Shortening of cervical length in threatened preterm labor, especially when shorter than 19.5 mm, is associated with a significant risk of preterm labor ¡Ü35 weeks¡¯ gestation and within 7 days of admission. Sonographic measurement of cervical length helps to recognize patients at risk for preterm birth, in order to focus interventions in that group of patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cervix Uteri , Obstetric Labor, Premature/diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Demography , Gestational Age , Logistic Models , Predictive Value of Tests , Pregnancy Outcome , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , ROC Curve , Obstetric Labor, Premature
18.
Egyptian Journal of Histology [The]. 2008; 31 (1): 138-147
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-101788

ABSTRACT

Cervical dilatation along with hysteroscopy or endometrial curettage, is one of the most common procedures in gynaecological practice. Traumatic complications, such as uterine perforation and cervical laceration, which may occur during dilatation of cervix are related to the degree of difficulty of cervical dilatation. The incidence of these complications may be reduced if the cervix is softened [primed] beforehand. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of increasing vaginal acidity by 2% acetic acid tablets in cervical softening [priming] in women undergoing cervical dilatation operation along with assessment of the structural changes in cervical tissue. The study included 30 nulligravidae which were divided equally to receive either neutral vaginal tablets [control placebo group] or acetic acid 2% vaginal tablets [acid treated group]. For the two groups tablets were taken once /12 hours for 5 days. After routine preparation of the operation, the base line cervical dilatation was assessed by Hegar's dilator application. If the cervix was less than 8 mm, it was dilated and easiness of dilation was assessed by Likert's scale. For the histological study cervical biopsies were taken from subjects of both groups and were fixed in 10% formalin. Paraffin sections were prepared for light microscopy examination. A morphometric and statistical study was also done for the mean area percent of collagen. Clinically, the overall cervical priming effect was significantly higher in the acid treated group when compared with the placebo control group. Histological study revealed that in acid treated group, the collagen fibers underneath the epithelial lining and in-between the cervical glands appeared separated and dissociated. Marked infiltration with neutrophils was also observed. There was a significant decrease in the mean area percentage of collagen content when compared with the control placebo group. The epithelial lining and the cervical glands showed no structural changes and appeared nearly similar to the control group. It was concluded that increased vaginal acidification with 2% acetic acid could be effective as a cervical priming agent which might be useful in many gynaecologic manipulations


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cervical Ripening , Vaginal Smears , Acetic Acid , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Biopsy
19.
Radiol. bras ; 40(6): 365-369, nov.-dez. 2007. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-471994

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações endometriais por meio da ultra-sonografia transvaginal e correlacioná-las com os achados da histeroscopia e histologia, em pacientes submetidas a tratamento com tamoxifeno. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: No período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2005, foram incluídas pacientes com câncer de mama usuárias de tamoxifeno que apresentaram espessamento endometrial acima de 5 mm. Os achados foram correlacionados com os dados de histeroscopia e anatomopatologia. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionadas 25 pacientes com idade média de 62,6 anos. O tempo médio do diagnóstico do câncer foi de 4,3 anos e do uso de tamoxifeno, três anos. Vinte pacientes eram assintomáticas (80 por cento) e as demais apresentaram sangramento (20 por cento). À ultra-sonografia, 16 por cento apresentaram espessamento endometrial entre 5 mm e 8 mm, 40 por cento entre 9 mm e 15 mm, e 44 por cento acima de 15 mm. Ao estudo com a histeroscopia, 40 por cento apresentaram atrofia, 16 por cento atrofia cística, 28 por cento pólipos, e 16 por cento lesão hiperplásica. O estudo anatomopatológico apresentou-se normal em 35,2 por cento dos casos e mostrou atrofia em 5,8 por cento, pólipo em 29,4 por cento e hiperplasia em 11,7 por cento. Foi observado um caso de adenocarcinoma (5,8 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A ultra-sonografia associada à histeroscopia apresentam-se como importantes aliados na avaliação de pacientes usuárias de tamoxifeno. A detecção de espessamento endometrial à ultra-sonografia apresenta baixa especificidade, enquanto a histeroscopia é mais acurada na detecção de pólipos, hiperplasia e alterações neoplásicas.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate endometrial alterations by means of transvaginal ultrasound and to correlate them with hysteroscopic and histological findings in patients under tamoxifen therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was developed in the period between January 2003 and December 2005, including patients under tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer, and presenting with endometrial thickening > 5 mm. The sonographic findings were correlated with hysteroscopic and anatomopathological results. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients, mean age 62.6 years, were selected. The mean time elapsed from the diagnosis of cancer was 4.3 years, and use of tamoxifen, three years. Twenty patients (80 percent) were asymptomatic, and five (20 percent) presented with bleeding. Ultrasound showed that 16 percent of patients had endometrial thickening ranging between 5 mm and 8 mm, 40 percent between 9 mm and 15 mm, and 44 percent above 15 mm. Hysteroscopy showed 40 percent of patients with atrophy, 16 percent with cystic atrophy, 28 percent with polyps and 16 percent with hyperplastic lesion. Anatomopathological study showed 35.2 percent of patients with normal results, 5.8 percent with atrophy, 29.4 percent with polyps and 11.7 percent with hyperplasia. One case of adenocarcinoma (5.8 percent) was observed. CONCLUSION: Combined ultrasound and hysteroscopy have proven to be important allies in the evaluation of patients under tamoxifen therapy. Ultrasonography presents low specificity for detecting endometrial thickening, while hysteroscopy is more accurate in the detection of polyps, hyperplasia and neoplastic alterations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Cervix Uteri/physiopathology , Cervix Uteri , Tamoxifen/administration & dosage , Tamoxifen/adverse effects , Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological , Hysteroscopy/methods
20.
Femina ; 35(11): 731-735, nov. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-478500

ABSTRACT

As transformações da cérvice uterina observadas nas últimas semanas de gestação, têm sido relatadas em estudos bioquímicos e histológicos do tecido cervical. A avaliação cervical por exame de toque digital para detecção de modificações físicas do colo uterino constitui método subjetivo e com grande variabilidade interobservador. A ultra-sonografia transvaginal apresenta importante aplicação no rastreamento de pacientes com risco de parto pré-termo espontâneo ao estudar biométrica e morfologicamente o colo, porém apresenta limitações na avaliação da maturação cervical. Por meio do exame de ressonância magnética é possível investigar a capacidade funcional da cérvice mediante análise do sinal de intensidade do estroma cervical. A ressonância não é operador-dependente e oferece vantagens em relação à ultrasonografia, pela alta resolução de contraste e sensibilidade para detectar as modificações de hidratação tecidual, possibilitando a avaliação do processo de amadurecimento cervical.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology , Cervix Uteri , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Obstetric Labor, Premature/prevention & control , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
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